FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812:

In this post I will discuss which were the purpose and main features of the 1812 Constitution:

Firstly this Constitution constituted by the basic principles of political liberalism:

NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY-

-DIVISION OF POWERS

MASC-UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE

BILL OF RIGHTS-LARGE

Besides, one of the purposes of the Cortes of Cadiz was the abolition of the old regime, this involved a deletion of the domains, the abolition of guilds, suppression of the Inquisition and spanish equal  before the law.

But the war situation prevented apply everything legislated.

Contextualization of (1808-1814)

In 1808 Spain was under the domination of Napoleón Bonaparte which decepcioned to Manuel Godoy, and he positioned the french army in Spain. Napoleón forced to abdicate king Fernando VII in his brother José Bonaparte, the new king of Spain.

these events provoked a popular rebelion of spanish people.

2 of may of 1808, spanish raised against the french army, they were organiced by a Central Supreme Board, this organization cordinated others boards.

king Jose bonaparte didn´t enjoy acceptance of the spanish.

therefore in 1812, the central supreme board convened a meeting as cortes in Cádiz. Representatives from all territories defended liberalism.

The first decision taken by the parlament was revolutionary.

All present regardless of their origin gathere in one camera. That camera was erected on behalf of the spanish represented the basic principles of political liberalism was drafted.

The parlament also passed laws to abolish the old regime.

In 1814 king fernando VII returned to spain and the liberals wanted the king to sign the constitucion, but the absolutist convinced the king that the best was a restauration of absolutism and Fernando VII gave a coup and closed the courts and cancel the Constitution of 1812. this meant a return of the old regime.

If we take a little look back we find a very significant city for this country and that one day this city was Spain , and therefore this collects many events, many monuments steeped in history, these monuments are going to visit next .
A preview of our tour of the Constitutional Cádiz, the honorary visit to the 1812 Constitution monument, we'll be in the Oratory of San Felipe Neri, one of the most important places in Spain , do you know why ? I unveil it then on top of that we will see the Cathedral of Cadiz , the famous Post Office building , the Central Market, the Plaza de las Flores, besides spending and admire the Puertas de Tierra . Let's start ...

1 - Arrive at Cadiz, and the train station to go see the monument to the 1812 Constitution , through the Plaza de San Juan de Dios.

2 - Once in the Plaza of Spain , looking at Monument to the Constitution , design architect Modesto López Otero and sculptor Aniceto Marinas , if we start to analyze it in order, ( I left to right ) , we can find an equestrian statue , proclaiming peace if we turn our view a bit more to the right are carved in a kind of curved wall , the secretary of Las Cortes accompanied by deputies who swear the Constitution March 19, 1812 . Below is a sculpture , which portrays agriculture, one of the topics discussed at Las Cortes de Cádiz .
Right in the center of the sculpture found an empty throne, with three lilies ( representative of the House of Bourbon element ), the Fernando VII , who was incarcerated in France , and that the Spaniards , who worked in making the Constitution not thought to forget their king now in the center of parliamentary hemisciclo , a tower as a kind of pillar 32 feet high , holding the Constitution of 1812, held by a female figure , La Pepa , with a sword sustained by his hand , symbolizing justice (the sword )
A little further to the right we find a sculptural group that represented the citizens of the city to the battle and then represents the Defense Board of Cadiz , which does not yield to the king Jose Bonaparte, and the city will answered the king :

" The city of Cádiz , faithful to the principles
he has sworn not recognize other
 King Fernando VII "

Finally found another rider, symbolizing war.
This is what it looks like the monument in one of its parts, the back is Hercules, who according to legend this was the founder of Cádiz plus a carved names, representing American deputies who participated in the enactment .
* This monument was built in that place so that when the crews of the fleets docked in the port of Cadiz, saw this monument as first image of Cádiz , wanted to use this as the Statue of Liberty (New York), but with the psao time has been built and the monument was no sight of the person that came through the port of Cadiz.

3 - Walking reach Plaza Mina, and from there march to the Plaza de San Felipe , where we find the iconographic and historical Museum and Las Cortes de Cádiz site , the Oratory of San Felipe Neri and the Museum Visitor to Oratorio.

4 - Oratory Museum visitor . This museum will help us get into Cadiz early S. XIX.
This museum shows some sections of the city as it was at the time.
Near the end of the eighteenth century foreigners accounted for 10% of the population of that city. Due to the intense commercial activity , Cádiz attracted many foreigners to the city, especially Italian and French , which helped to bring into the city a taste for opera and architecture of new illustrated and new ideas and ways of dressing others as eg glass shading , from England , and it was customary for him to be brought were liberals.
One of the trends that emerged was language learning in the knowledge of women.

Basically this is the summary of what you will find in this museo.

5- Iconographic and historical Museum and Site Cádiz Cortes : In this museum adjoining the Oratory , find "jewels" of Spanish art such as the famous painting by Salvador Viniegra , wherein the Promulgation of Cádiz is dead , too well many other valuable items obrade can find very attractive and important art, which is the model of the cudad Cadiz in mahogany and ivory, built in 1777 at the request of King Carlos III and engineer Alfonso Jiménez.

 6 - Oratory of St. Philip Neri
Key to holding La Pepa place , and it turns out that this Oratorio , had a perfect structure for the utility that wanted to give the deputies, had an oval structure and absence of columns that made the dialogue between MPs were easier .
* Among the deputies lawyers, military , professors , sailors were ...
If we look from this angle to the façade of the Oratory , we see there are numerous plaques dedicated to doceañistas deputies , these commemorate the anniversary of the Constitution of 1812, part of the iconographic and historical Museum of Cádiz Cortes and Site .
At the Oratory , could be accessed through multiple entries , because only the front door would have to make way for "big celebrities of the time " or a solemnity.
Once we are inside, if obserbamos we are in an elliptical plant in which there are seven chapels, in 1755 , the Lisbon earthquake , he was in Cádiz as a tsunami , the chapel was rebuilt by the master Pedro Afanador in 1764.
Once restored Oratory The first session of Courts in San Felipe Neri was held on February 24, 1811 and the last on September 14, 1813 , a total of 1478 public sessions .
Adopted in March, had 184 signatures , while the record consisted of 223 never reached the goal of 240 signatures. As we said were open to the public that watched from the narrow galleries circumcised the temple sessions in this area of the shield was filipenses.

7- Tavira tower

7- Tavira tower
The Torre Tavira is a watchtower and the highest point of the old town deCádiz , 45 meters above sea level. It is located in the palatial residence of the Marquis of Recaño (current Conservatory of Cádiz) , on the corner of streets Marqués del Real Tesoro and Sacramento, and was built in the eighteenth century in Baroque style. Designated official watchtower port of Cadiz in 1778 for being the high altitude , called its first watch , the frigate lieutenant Antonio Tavira.
It currently houses the Camera Obscura , one of the most symbolic of the city of Cadiz tourist attractions as well as two showrooms and a viewpoint from which you can admire all the historic center of the city.
The Dark Chamber opened in 1994 and is composed of an optical system that reflected on a white circular screen scenes that take place outside in real time during 15-minute sessions . The exhibition halls show through information panels developing the city of Cadiz and history in general and in particular the Tower during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They can also admire the original telescope and the journal 's nest and current photographs of the nineteenth century, showing the changes undergone in the city over the last century

8- building correos

8- building correos
It is a building with four walls that is located in the Plaza de las Flores. The building materials are brick, artificial stone and tile in some places. It was built in 1925, regionalist modernist style with some nuances.
The building is organized around a large courtyard on the first floor, which is accessed via a staircase proud and broad arch of the main door. The main facade is decorated with pilasters crowned with a kind of steeple.
The main floor is irregular, adapting to the urban space has curved and oblique areas of its vertices. It has five floors and in one corner a sort of lookout tower is located.

9- square flowers

9- square flowers
La Plaza de las Flores is located in the heart of Cadiz. It leads one of the main shopping streets of the city, the street Columela.
This square is located next to the Central Market, which makes it one of the most important commercial cores of Cádiz
Really this square called Plaza Topete, but it is popularly known in this way because of the positions where flowers are sold. In the center of this square is a famous Cadiz, Columella.

10- cathedral Cadiz

10- cathedral Cadiz
For the construction of the Cathedral of Santa Cruz de Cádiz , popularly known as Catedral Nueva, is chosen as the greatest teacher arquitectoVicente Steel works in 1721 , who designed a spectacular baroque church , a Latin cross with three naves and an ambulatory in header inspired by the Cathedral of Granada and Guadix , both of Siloam Diego . The genius of the author is to melt the tradition of the great Spanish cathedrals with forms from the Italian Baroque . So the plant is of Gothic origin, and powerful ambulatory movement participates itself rich Borromini and Guarini lines .
Until 1729 the works of leading Steel following his own daring project , which included two towers facade and dome over the crossing with colossal dimensions.
But the council did not approve the continuation of his work and finally remove him from office.
It happens in the post Gaspar Cayon and his nephew in 1759 , Torcuato Cayon de la Vega , a local architect that marks the transition from Baroque to Neoclassicism in the reforming of the facade and elevations and shortening the predicted height dome and towers, the crowning of statues , introducing the French taste in the work. When he died ( 1783 ) there is still to conclude from the vaults and dome , almost a third of the total, succeeded in Miguel Olivares charge.
For technical differences on how to continue the work, the council consulted the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid , so King Charles IV , in 1790 , declared protector of the same names director Manuel Machuca them.
In 1796 the works were paralyzed, over a long period full of events of great importance for the country weather: The War of Independence , the General and Extraordinary Cortes, and restoration of the absolutist regime of Ferdinand VII , including the parentheses Liberal Triennium.
Finally, when for reasons of economy and rush the Valencian Juan Daura works resumed in 1832 , they are still considerably reducing the height of the drum and dome - and without flashlight to its present state , the less graceful how many had previously considered , it being the works were finished in 1853.

11- neighborhood populo

11- neighborhood populo
The Pópulo neighborhood, located at the entrance of the old town, between City Hall and the Cathedral, is the oldest of the provincial capital. Enter The Pópulo is to feel the pulse of the history of Cadiz. Its arches lead us to the place where they lived Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans and Arabs. You see architectural remains of these cultures, and more ...

12- South field

12- South field
It is an avenue on the left area of ​​Cadiz, which is forming the boardwalk.

13-Ground doors

13-Ground doors
The door to earth is an architectural monument which is a stronghold of the wall that was input to the city of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain. Built by the architect Torcuato Cayon academic in the eighteenth century, the cover is carved in marble and is designed more as a religious altarpiece as a military fortification.
It is one of the most significant monuments of the city, dividing, at present, the Old Town (popularly known as "Cadiz" or "Cadiz Cadiz") and the modern area (popularly known as "Puerta Tierra" or "Outside the Walls") city